Shoulder X-Rays in Practice: From Acquisition to Evaluation

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Learning Objectives

Differentiate key anatomical landmarks of the scapula, humerus, and clavicle across AP, Y, and axial views to improve diagnostic accuracy. 

Apply optimal positioning and exposure techniques for standard and trauma-adapted shoulder projections, including supine orthogonal views, to obtain high-quality diagnostic images in both cooperative and immobile patients. 

Interpret trauma radiographs using a systematic ABCS approach to identify fractures, dislocations, and subtle injury signs such as Hill-Sachs or bony Bankart lesions. 

Evaluate post-operative shoulder radiographs for prosthesis alignment, hardware integrity, and signs of loosening or periprosthetic fracture to assist in surgical follow-up. 

Justify the use of MRI or ultrasound following normal X-rays in shoulder trauma cases with persistent symptoms, referencing evidence from the Saragaglia et al. (2021) study. 
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